Figure 1
From: Innate Immune Functions of Astrocytes are Dependent Upon Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha
The effect of LPS on primary WT astrocyte production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Purified and subcultured murine WT astrocytes were incubated with graded concentrations of freshly prepared bacterial LPS or vehicle control (PBS). Cultures were terminated at 0, 1, 2, 4, or 6 h after stimulation. Total RNA was then extracted, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined by qPCR. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 (n = 3, results show one representative experiment out of 4).
