Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients.

From: Impact of Long-term Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: a retrospective cohort study

 

All

Group A

(HbA1c < 6%)

Group B

(HbA1c ≥ 6%,

 < 7.5%)

Group C

(HbA1c ≥ 7.5%),

p value among the three groups

P value between group B vs C

Variables

824

41

527

256

  

Age

64.00 ± 12.19

68.44 ± 13.06

64.79 ± 11.74

61.67 ± 12.60

<0.001

0.001

Male sex

595(72.2)

25(61.0)

378(71.7)

192(75.0)

0.163

0.379

Known Diabetes

619(75.1)

29(70.7)

366(69.4)

224(87.5)

<0.001

<0.001

Hypertension

515(62.6)

30(73.2)

346(65.8)

139(54.3)

0.003

0.002

Dyslipidemia

206(25.1)

14(34.1)

133(25.3)

59(23.1)

0.314

0.572

Previous MI

    

0.135

0.064

- >30 d

52(6.4)

4(9.8)

25(4.8)

23(9.1)

  

- 7~30 d

15(1.8)

0(0.0)

11(2.1)

4(1.6)

  

Heart failure

13(1.6)

3(7.3)

8(1.5)

2(0.8)

0.029

0.512

Stroke

74(9.0)

7(17.1)

47(8.9)

20(7.8)

0.160

0.684

Previous CVD

138(16.7)

12(29.3)

79(15.0)

47(18.4)

0.044

0.271

Smoking

    

0.003

0.004

- Current

317(38.8)

9(22.0)

189(36.2)

119(46.9)

  

- Former

205(25.1)

12(29.3)

129(24.7)

64(25.2)

  

- Never

295(36.1)

20(48.8)

204(39.1)

71(28.0)

  

BMI, kg/m2

24.46 ± 3.53

23.89 ± 4.39

24.45 ± 3.49

24.57 ± 3.46

0.570

0.645

Heart Rate

75.58 ± 14.45

79.22 ± 15.89

75.02 ± 14.35

76.13 ± 14.36

0.147

0.315

STEMI

386(46.9)

13(31.7)

246(46.8)

127(49.6)

0.102

0.509

Multivessel disease

579(77.4)

30(78.9)

363(77.4)

186(77.2)

0.971

>.999

SBP at discharge

118.2 ± 16.53

121.59 ± 15.56

117.70 ± 16.33

118.68 ± 17.39

0.250

0.442

DBP at discharge

66.04 ± 10.3

63.61 ± 9.65

66.06 ± 10.27

66.38 ± 10.46

0.439

0.684

<Medication>

Aspirin

820(99.5)

41(100.0)

526(99.8)

253(98.8)

0.271

0.105

P2Y12 inhibitor

792(96.1)

35(85.4)

508(96.4)

249(97.3)

0.006

0.671

Warfarin

38(4.6)

5(12.2)

22(4.2)

11(4.3)

0.085

>.999

RAS inhibitors

666(80.8)

34(82.9)

422(80.1)

210(82.0)

0.760

0.580

Diuretics

285(34.6)

24(58.5)

170(32.3)

91(35.5)

0.003

0.404

CCB

119(14.4)

11(26.8)

81(15.4)

27(10.5)

0.014

0.064

Statin

714(86.7)

26(63.4)

463(87.9)

225(87.9)

<0.001

>.999

Beta Blocker

593(72.0)

25(61.0)

389(73.8)

179(69.9)

0.144

0.289

OHA

603(73.2)

23(56.1)

398(75.5)

182(71.1)

0.017

0.215

Insulin

176(21.4)

6(14.6)

62(11.8)

108(42.2)

<0.001

<0.001

<Echocardiography>

Mean LV EF, %

51.58 ± 11.67

47.31 ± 15.47

52.09 ± 1127

51.21 ± 11.67

0.073

0.314

LV EF < 40%

127 (15.41)

16 (39.0)

73 (13.9)

38 (14.8)

<0.001

0.792

LVEDD

49.26 ± 6.06

49.95 ± 6.34

49.20 ± 5.86

49.26 ± 6.38

0.684

0.893

LVESD

34.31 ± 7.27

35.60 ± 7.58

34.13 ± 7.14

34.49 ± 7.50

0.310

0.522

<Lab>

      

Creatinine, mg/dl

1.32 ± 1.34

2.18 ± 1.79

1.29 ± 1.44

1.23 ± 0.92

<0.001

0.448

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

72.44 ± 38.2

46.81 ± 27.72

73.28 ± 35.71

75.17 ± 43.15

<0.001

0.592

Troponin I, ng/ml

76.33 ± 123.87

88.41 ± 184.80

72.56 ± 113.15

82.16 ± 132.92

0.631

0.321

Pro-BNP, ng/ml

3506.02 ± 7951.79

6730.20 ± 11076.72

3645.47 ± 8465.62

2653.59 ± 5827.62

0.056

0.087

CK-MB, ng/ml

57.28 ± 111.38

33.02 ± 62.94

60.89 ± 119.72

53.75 ± 98.58

0.773

0.377

hsCRP, mg/dl

5.44 ± 6.92

4.98 ± 5.00

5.30 ± 6.73

5.85 ± 7.69

0.862

0.482

Cholesterol, mg/dl

167.28 ± 42.76

150.58 ± 41.27

168.96 ± 42.81

166.44 ± 42.49

0.047

0.454

HDL, mg/dl

42.22 ± 10.34

42.29 ± 12.72

42.15 ± 10.33

42.37 ± 10.03

0.842

0.780

LDL, mg/dl

100.61 ± 35.27

93.82 ± 34.65

102.25 ± 36.38

98.18 ± 32.81

0.181

0.149

Triglyceride, mg/dl

146.77 ± 119.63

117.57 ± 92.01

147.45 ± 123.26

149.51 ± 115.32

0.106

0.826

Treatment

    

<0.001

0.836

- None

52(6.3)

4(9.8)

35(6.6)

13(5.1)

  

- Thrombolysis

28(3.4)

0(0.0)

18(3.4)

10(3.9)

  

- PCI

649(78.8)

23(56.1)

419(79.5)

207(80.9)

  

- CABG

95(11.5)

14(34.1)

55(10.4)

26(10.2)

  

GRACE

115.38 ± 37.13

135.28 ± 41.08

115.14 ± 35.69

112.59 ± 38.56

0.009

0.372

  1. MI, myocardial infarction; CVD, cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; STEMI, ST-elevated myocardial infarction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; RAS, renin-angiotensin-system; CCB, calcium channel blocker; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricle end diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricle end systolic dimension; estimated glomerular filtration rate; pro-BNP, pro-brain natriuretic peptide; CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme; hsCRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft.
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