Figure 1

CNO has no effect on CD behavior in surgically naïve hamsters. Durations of (A) submissive behavior, (B) aggressive behavior, (C) affiliative behavior, and (D) nonsocial behavior are shown for a 5 min CD test. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. An asterisk denotes a significant main effect of defeat (*p < 0.05), a pound sign denotes a significant main effect of drug (#p < 0.05), n = 8–10 per group.