Figure 2

(S)-(+)-carvone (4) and (R)-(−)-carvone (5) decrease LPS-induced Nos2 mRNA (a) and protein (b) levels in the Raw 264.7 cell line. Macrophage cultures were treated with 1 µg/mL LPS, for 6 h (a) or 18 h (b), following pre-treatment for 1 h with 666 µM of each test compound (a) or with the concentrations indicated in (b). As a positive control, the cells were similarly treated with the selective NF-κB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082, 5 μM. Control cells (Ctrl) were treated with the vehicle (0.1% DMSO) in the absence of LPS. Each column represents the mean ± SEM of four independent experiments. The blots shown are representative of, at least, three independent experiments and are cropped for clarity and conciseness. The corresponding full-length blots are presented in Fig. S3. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 relative to LPS-treated cells. ^##p < 0.01 relative to the Ctrl. ^§p < 0.05, ^§§§p < 0.001 and ^§§§§p < 0.0001 between the conditions indicated. MW: molecular weight marker.