Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Role of plants in the transmission of Asaia sp., which potentially inhibit the Plasmodium sporogenic cycle in Anopheles mosquitoes

Figure 2

Putative Asaia spp. natural transmission cycle involving endemic plants in the field. (A) Emerging adult mosquitoes (infected or not) feed on plants to obtain the nectar needed for their survival and ensure reproduction. During the diet or oral (potentially co-feeding) transmission phase (B), mosquitoes are contaminated or contaminate the plants they feed on. Then, during the copulation or sexual transmission phase (C), male or female mosquitoes can contaminate their partners. The fertilized females will search for a blood meal to ensure the maturation of their eggs (D), and the males will continue to feed on nectar from plants, such as I. pes-caprae, to satisfy their sugar needs and maintain the oral transmission cycle (E). After a blood meal, the females will lay eggs (F), some of which will be contaminated by Asaia spp. as well as larvae (known as the transstadial transmission phase).The infected emerging adults will initiate and maintain the transmission cycle.

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