Table 3 Comparison of US findings.

From: Deep learning-based decision support system for the diagnosis of neoplastic gallbladder polyps on ultrasonography: Preliminary results

Findings

Reviewer A

Reviewer B

Reviewer C

Nonneo

Neo

p

Nonneo

Neo

p

Nonneo

Neo

p

Multiplicity

Single

30.2% (19/63)

71.4% (25/35)

<0.001

38.1% (24/63)

74.3% (26/35)

<0.001

36.5% (23/63)

80.0% (28/35)

<0.001

Multiple

69.8% (44/63)

28.6% (10/35)

 

63.9% (39/63)

25.7% (9/35)

 

63.5% (40/63)

20.0% (7/35)

 

Size

 

9.4 ± 2.7

19.9 ± 7.5

<0.001

10.2 ± 2.9

19.5 ± 7.6

<0.001

9.6 ± 3.0

19.2 ± 7.9

<0.001

Shape

Pedunculated

95.2% (60/63)

57.1% (20/35)

<0.001

73.0% (46/63)

37.1% (13/35)

<0.01

81.0% (51/63)

40.0% (14/35)

<0.001

Sessile

4.8% (3/63)

42.9% (15/35)

 

27.0% (17/63)

62.9% (22/35)

 

19.0% (12/63)

60.0% (21/35)

 

Contour

Smooth

60.3% (38/63)

22.9% (8/35)

<0.001

19.0% (12/63)

8.6% (3/35)

0.24

60.3% (38/63)

20.0% (7/35)

<0.001

Lobulated

39.7% (25/63)

77.1% (27/35)

 

81.0% (51/63)

91.4% (32/35)

 

39.7% (25/63)

80.0% (28/35)

 

Gallstone

Absent

88.9% (56/63)

85.7% (30/35)

0.75

46.7% (21/45)

28.1% (9/32)

0.15

85.7% (54/63)

91.4% (32/35)

0.53

Present

11.1% (7/63)

14.3% (5/35)

 

53.3% (24/45)

71.9% (23/32)

 

14.3% (9/63)

8.6% (3/35)

 

Vascular Core

Absent

47.8% (22/46)

21.9% (7/32)

0.03

88.9% (56/63)

94.3% (33/35)

0.49

54.3% (25/46)

21.9% (7/32)

<0.01

Present

52.2% (24/46)

78.1% (25/32)

 

11.1% (7/63)

5.7% (2/35)

 

45.7% (21/46)

78.1% (25/32)

 

Internal Echo Level

Hypoechoic

41.3% (26/63)

62.9% (22/35)

0.03

64.5% (40/62)

51.4% (18/35)

0.30

34.9% (22/63)

57.1% (20/35)

0.05

Isoechoic

58.7% (37/63)

34.3% (12/35)

 

33.9% (21/62)

42.9% (15/35)

 

61.9% (39/63)

40.0% (14/35)

 

Hyperechoic

0% (0/63)

2.9% (1/35)

 

1.6% (1/62)

5.7% (2/35)

 

3.2% (2/63)

2.9% (1/35)

 

Internal Echo Pattern

Homogenous

66.7% (42/63)

68.6% (24/35)

1.00

71.4% (45/63)

42.9% (15/35)

<0.01

58.7% (37/63)

11.4% (4/35)

<0.001

Heterogenous

33.3% (21/63)

31.4% (11/35)

 

28.6% (18/63)

57.1% (20/35)

 

41.3% (26/63)

88.6% (31/35)

 

Presence of foci

Absent

30.2% (19/63)

48.6% (17/35)

0.04

90.5% (57/63)

97.1% (34/35)

0.42

74.6% (47/63)

45.7% (16/35)

<0.001

Hypoechoic foci

1.6% (1/63)

11.4% (4/35)

 

0% (0/63)

0% (0/35)

 

11.1% (7/63)

45.7% (16/35)

 

Hyperechoic foci

68.3% (43/63)

40.0% (14/35)

 

9.5% (6/63)

2.9% (1/35)

 

14.3% (9/63)

8.6% (3/35)

 
  1. Note.- Nonneo: nonneoplastic polyp, Neo: neoplastic polyp.