Table 1 Participants’ demographic and psychological behavioral characteristics.

From: Development of Social Attention and Oxytocin Levels in Maltreated Children

 

CM (n = 21)

TD (n = 29)

Statistics

P value

Male participants, n (%)

11 (52.4)

12 (41.4)

χ2(1)=1.37

0.44

Age (years), Mean (SD)

5.5 (0.4)

4.8 (0.3)

t(48)=1.37

0.18

Types of maltreatment, n (%)

Physical abuse

4 (19)

0 (0)

χ2(1)=6.0

0.14

Emotional abuse

10 (48)

0 (0)

χ2(1)=18

<0.001

Neglect

16 (76)

0 (0)

χ2(1)=32.49

<0.001

Sexual abuse

0 (0)

0 (0)

—

—

Duration (years) of maltreatment, Mean (SD)

3.2 (1.88)

0 (0)

t(48)=6.13

<0.001

Duration (years) elapsed from maltreatment, Mean (SD)

3.7 (1.84)

0 (0)

t(48)=10.8

<0.001

Duration (years) of residing in childcare facility, Mean (SD)

3.5 (0.47)

0 (0)

t(48)=8.80

<0.001

ACE total, Mean (SD)

3.95 (1.6)

0.07 (0.26)

t(48)=12.92

<0.001

SDQ total, Mean (SD)

11.48 (7.47)

5.9 (3.68)

t(48)=3.49

<0.001

CMTI, Mean (SD)

135.38 (29.65)

100.17 (12.50)

t(48)=5.75

<0.001

  1. CM: Childhood Maltreatment, TD: Typical Development, ACE: Adverse Childhood Experience (Felitti et al., 1998), SDQ: Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman et al., 2010), CMTI: Checklist for Maltreated Infant (Izumi et al., 2009).