Table 2 Association between seasonal click beetle catches of the field and plant damage in the following years.

From: The use of click beetle pheromone traps to optimize the risk assessment of wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) maize damage

Monitoring year

Species

Adult/trap per season

Plant damage

No. of records

Range of damage probability

Mean damage probability

RR (high vs. low)

SE

95% CI

Wald χ–square

P χ–square test

Year 0

A. brevis

≤450 (low)

≤15%

256

0.03–0.17

0.06

11.82

5.73

4.57–30.58

25.95

<0.001

>15%

10

>450 (high)

≤15%

5

0.21–0.39

0.3

>15%

4

A. sordidus

≤400 (low)

≤15%

109

0.023–0.025

0.024

4.31

4.63

0.53–35.32

1.86

0.173

>15%

1

>400 (high)

≤15%

147

0.025–0.046

0.028

>15%

6

A. ustulatus (empirical threshold)

≤1,000

≤15%

240

0.02–0.04

0.03

3.15

3.29

0.41–24.31

1.22

0.2703

>15%

6

>1,000

≤15%

12

0.04–0.05

0.04

>15%

1

Year −1

A. brevis

≤210 (low)

≤15%

230

0.02–0.12

0.03

37.61

20.09

13.20-107.15

46.1

<0.001

>15%

4

>210 (high)

≤15%

5

0.15–0.99

0.48

>15%

9

A. sordidus

≤1,100 (low)

≤15%

169

0.02–0.08

0.04

6.14

3.53

2.0–18.98

9.94

0.002

>15%

5

>1,100 (high)

≤15%

28

0.08–0.53

0.18

>15%

6

A. ustulatus (empirical threshold)

≤1,000 (low)

≤15%

186

0.022–0.029

0.024

3.39

3.67

0.41–28.35

1.27

0.259

>15%

4

>1,000 (high)

≤15%

13

0.028–0.044

0.034

>15%

1

Year −2

A. brevis

≤450 (low)

≤15%

169

0.01–0.22

0.03

40.95

25.39

12.14-38.10

35.83

<0.001

>15%

3

>450 (high)

≤15%

2

0.37–0.68

0.52

>15%

5

A. sordidus

≤400 (low)

≤15%

83

0.043–0.047

0.046

6.85

7.2

0.87–53.71

3.36

0.067

>15%

1

>400 (high)

≤15%

90

0.04–0.08

0.05

>15%

8

A. ustulatus (empirical threshold)

≤1,000 (low)

≤15%

191

0.02–0.03

0.02

12.93

13.73

1.61-103.71

5.81

0.016

>15%

3

>1,000 (high)

≤15%

4

0.03–0.05

0.04

>15%

1

Y-1 & Y-2*

A. brevis

other cases (low)

≤15%

74

0.02–0.33

0.05

25.67

—

8.46–77.83

38.94

<0.001

>15%

3

>450 & >210 (high)

≤15%

5

—

0.84

>15%

0

A. sordidus

other cases (low)

≤15%

46

0.02–0.11

0.07

9.07

5.75

2.62–31.43

12.1

<0.001

>15%

3

>400 & >1,100 (high)

≤15%

4

0.13–0.68

0.33

>15%

5

A. ustulatus

other cases (low)

≤15%

8

0.06–0.10

0.07

18.67

—

6.21–56.13

2.88

0.089

>15%

2

>1,000 & >1,000 (high)

≤15%

—

0.12–0.14

0.13

>15%

1

Year −1

A. brevis & A. sordidus

other cases

≤15%

180

0.01–0.11

0.04

22.14

10.34

8.85–55.34

43.92

<0.001

>15%

6

both species exceeded the threshold

≤15%

2

0.11–0.68

0.27

>15%

5

Year −2

A. brevis & A. sordidus

other cases

≤15%

166

0.02–0.07

0.04

46.94

28.2

14.47-152.35

41.07

<0.001

>15%

3

both species exceeded the threshold

≤15%

1

0.07–0.18

0.11

>15%

5

  1. RR = Relative Risk; SE = Standard Error; CI = Confidence Interval; * thresholds considering years Y-1 and Y-2 at the same time.
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