Table 1 Number and type of AMR determinants predicted in 66 priority E. coli isolates collected from European starlings.

From: The Role of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in the Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli among Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Mechanism of action

# determinants

antibiotic efflux

2256

antibiotic efflux; antibiotic target alteration

198

antibiotic inactivation

276

antibiotic target alteration

461

antibiotic target alteration; antibiotic efflux

5

antibiotic target protection

39

antibiotic target replacement

69

reduced permeability to antibiotic; antibiotic efflux

66

reduced permeability to antibiotic; antibiotic efflux; antibiotic target alteration

65

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