Figure 6
From: Crystal-like order and defects in metazoan epithelia with spherical geometry
Slightly defective model spherical hexagonal order formed by N = 700 repelling particles (α = 1). (A) Triangulation of spherical model structure. Red and blue circles denote the particles with 5 and 7 nearest neighbors. Extended topological defects (ETDs) (all with the topological charge +1) and dislocations are located within violet pentagons and green hexagons, respectively. The shown dislocations are the simplest and look like a pair of adjacent particles with 5 and 7 neighbors. (B,C,D,E) The boundaries of the ETD (shown in the left of A) and dislocation (shown in the down of A) after their transfer onto the planar hexagonal lattice. Both contours after their transfer to the plane become unclosed. The comparison between (B,C) and (D,E) shows that in contours surrounding both types of defects the breaking point can be chosen arbitrarily. The circulation of a hexagonal translation (the chosen one is shown by the yellow arrows) around the ETD on the sphere, leads to the translation turn on α=π/6.
