Table 1 Baseline characteristics of bacteremic patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 104).

From: Afebrile Bacteremia in Adult Emergency Department Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes

Characteristics

Afebrile group (n = 55)

Febrile group (n = 49)

p value

Age, y, mean ± SD

55.3 ± 12.3

56.6 ± 12.1

0.58

Male, n (%)

41 (74.5)

39 (79.6)

0.54

Laboratory results

Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean ± SD

9.4 ± 2.3

10.6 ± 2.2

0.01*

Leukocyte, ×109/L, median(IQR)

10.6 (5.0–15.5)

8.6 (5.4–12.3)

0.18

Platelet, ×109/L, median(IQR)

78 (46–115)

73.(41–125.5)

0.7

INR, median(IQR)

1.5 (1.3–1.9)

1.5 (1.3–1.8)

0.88

Bilirubin, mg/dL, median(IQR)

4.3 (2.9–10.3)

5.2 (2.4–7.9)

0.98

Sodium, mmol/L, mean ± SD

130 ± 9

130 ± 5

0.97

Creatinine, mg/dL, median(IQR)

1.5 (1–2.8)

1.3 (1.1–1.8)

0.36

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2, mean ± SD

50 ± 29

55 ± 22

0.35

CRP, mg/dL, median(IQR)

2.4 (0.7–7.0)

2.1 (0.8–6.9)

0.96

Comorbidities, n (%)

Diabetes Mellitus

19 (35)

21 (42.9)

0.38

Hypertension

18 (32.7)

18 (36.7)

0.67

Malignancy

14 (25.5)

14 (28.6)

0.72

Indwelling catheter, n (%)

3 (5.5)

0 (0)

0.25

Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%)

Alcohol

32 (58.2)

28 (57.1)

0.92

Viral Hepatitis

19 (34.5)

15 (30.6)

0.67

Other

4 (7.3)

6 (12.2)

0.51

Child-Pugh Classification, n (%)

  

0.46

A

3 (5.5)

2 (4.1)

 

B

13 (23.6)

17 (34.7)

 

C

39 (70.9)

30 (61.2)

 

MELD score, mean ± SD

25 ± 7

25 ± 7

0.69

CLIF-SOFA score, mean ± SD

8 ± 3

8 ± 3

0.68

ACLF grade, n (%)

  

0.10

0

35 (63.6)

39 (79.6)

 

1

15 (27.3)

4 (8.2)

 

2

4 (7.3)

5 (10.2)

 

3

1 (1.8)

1 (2.0)

 

qSOFA score, n (%)

  

0.23

Altered mental status

12 (21.8)

16 (32.7)

 

Respiratory rate ≥ 22 /min

11 (20.0)

13 (26.5)

 

Systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg

14 (25.5)

12 (24.5)

 

0

29 (52.7)

18 (36.7)

 

1

18 (32.7)

22 (44.9)

 

2

5 (9.1)

8 (16.3)

 

3

3 (5.5)

1 (2.0)

 

SIRS, n (%)

27 (49.1)

46 (93.9)

<0.001*

  1. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; INR, international normalized ratio;
  2. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease, calculated by following equation: 3.8 ×loge(serum bilirubin [mg/dL]) + 11.2 × loge(INR) + 9.6 × loge(serum creatinine [mg/dL]) + 6.4; CLIF-SOFA, Chronic Liver Failure-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, stratified according to the serum total bilirubin, serum creatinine, hepatic encephalopathy grade, INR, mean arterial pressure, the ratio of partial arterial oxygen pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2);ACLF, acute on chronic liver failure; qSOFA, quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment, positive if at least 2 of these criteria were met: altered mental status, respiratory rate ≥ 22 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure ≤ 100 mmHg; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, positive if at least 2 of these criteria were met: body temperature <36 °C or >38 °C, heart rate >90 beats/min, respiratory rate >20 breaths/min, white blood cells <0.4 × 109/L or >1.2 × 109/ L or bandemia ≥10%.
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