Table 3 Summary of results from statistical analysis on 3D regional parameters by age category, mean (SD).

From: Reference Ranges for Left Ventricular Curvedness and Curvedness-Based Functional Indices Using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Healthy Asian Subjects

Parameters

Gender

Age category (years)

LS Mean, Gender

P Value

≤44 (Young) (n = 66, M/F 30/36)

45–64 (Mid-age) (n = 38, M/F 16/22)

65–74 (Young-Old) (n = 53, M/F 30/23)

75–84 (Medium-Old) (n = 14, M/F 7/7)

ANOVA main effect: Age Gender Interaction (Age × Gender) Linear trend: Age

ED curvedness (CED), mm−1

M

0.038 (0.004)

0.040 (0.005)

0.039 (0.004)

0.042 (0.002)

0.04

A: 0.0460

G: 0.0042

F

0.042 (0.004)*

0.041 (0.003)

0.042 (0.004)

00044 (0.003)

0.042

I: 0.4315

Pooled 1

0.04

0.041

0.04

0.043

 

LT: 0.0067

Slope = 0.00002 (P = 0.2464)

ES curvedness (CES), mm−1

M

0.062 (0.010)

0.066 (0.009)

0.066 (0.013)

0.075 (0.009)

0.068

A: 0.0011

G: 0.0077

F

0.070 (0.010)*

0.070 (0.008)

0.069 (0.009)

0.081 (0.014)

0.073

I: 0.7227

Pooled

0.066

0.068

0.068

0.078

 

LT: 0.0001

Slope = 0.00011 (P = 0.0160)

ED wall thickness (WTED), mm

M

5.37 (0.50)

5.34 (0.43)

5.32 (0.79)

5.13 (0.65)

5.29

A: 0.6258

G: < 0.0001

F

4.34 (0.66)*

4.62 (0.66)*

4.65 (0.66)*

4.90 (0.97)

4.62

I: 0.1605

Pooled

4.85

4.98

4.99

5.01

 

LT: 0.4127

Slope = 0.00617 (P = 0.0484)

ES wall thickness (WTES), mm

M

8.09 (0.92)

8.24 (0.54)

8.34 (1.40)

8.02 (1.14)

8.17

A: 0.1325

G: 0.0022

F

6.94 (1.16)*

7.62 (1.06)*

7.43 (1.10)*

8.13 (1.75)

7.53

I: 0.2596

Pooled

7.51

7.93

7.89

8.07

 

LT: 0.1110

Slope = 0.01517 (P = 0.0022)

ED wall stress index (σi,ED)

M

2.61 (0.36)

2.47 (0.30)

2.55 (0.45)

2.43 (0.29)

2.52

A: 0.0479

G: 0.0002

F

3.01 (0.44)*

2.85 (0.47)*

2.85 (0.44)*

2.53 (0.62)

2.81

I: 0.6604

Pooled

2.81

2.66

2.7

2.48

 

LT: 0.0160

Slope = −0.00521 (P = 0.0052)

ES wall stress index (σi,ES)

M

1.04 (0.24)

0.90 (0.10)

0.93 (0.27)

0.84 (0.17)

0.93

A: 0.0004

G: 0.3442

F

1.10 (0.23)

0.94 (0.20)

1.00 (0.21)

0.82 (0.33)

0.97

I: 0.9206

Pooled

1.07

0.92

0.96

0.83

 

LT: 0.0011

Slope = −0.00417 (P < 0.0001)

Peak systolic wall stress (σES), 1000 N/m2

M

16.4 (3.8)

14.2 (1.8)

16.3 (4.1)

14.4 (2.5)

15.3

A: 0.0051

G: 0.8076

F

15.7 (3.3)

13.9 (2.2)

16.9 (3.5)

14.1 (5.0)

15.2

I: 0.7890

Pooled

16.1

14.1

16.6

14.2

 

LT: 0.3482

Slope = −0.01343 (P = 0.3565)

Area strain (AS), %

M

63 (9)

66 (6)

69 (12)

74 (11)

68

A: 0.0002

G: 0.0006

F

69 (10)*

74 (7)*

70 (10)

84 (14)

74

I: 0.3250

Pooled

66

67

67

74

 

LT: < 0.0001

Slope = 0.00169 (P = 0.0001)

  1. SD: standard deviation; ANOVA: analysis of variance; ED: end-diastolic; ES: end-systolic; LS: least squares; LT: linear trend. *significant difference between male and female, bolded text indicates a significant P value.
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