Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Solid-electrolyte interphase nucleation and growth on carbonaceous negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries visualized with in situ atomic force microscopy

Figure 3

CV curves and corresponding AFM topography images recorded on HOPG (a–c), MCMB graphite (d–f), and hard carbon (g–i) in 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC = 50/50 (v/v) electrolyte solution at 2 mV/s cycling rate vs Li+/Li. HOPG before (a) and after (b) cycling. MCMB graphite before (d) and after (e) cycling. Hard carbon before (g) and after (h) cycling. 4 × 4 µm squares in (a,b), (d,e), and (g,h) depict in situ scan areas shown in (c), (f), and (i) correspondingly as 1–9. White arrows indicate SEI nucleation.

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