Table 2 Basic characteristics and dietary intakes of participants by quartiles of Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score.

From: Adherence to a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style Diet in Relation to Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study

 

Quartiles of DASH scorea

ptrend

Q1(lowest)11–20 (n = 203)

Q221–23 (n = 193)

Q324–26 (n = 235)

Q4(highest)27–38 (n = 267)

Cases (n, %)

116 (57.14)

102 (52.85)

118 (50.21)

113 (42.32)

0.011

Age (years)b

30.25 ± 4.72

30.32 ± 4.47

30.59 ± 4.82

32.00 ± 5.16

<0.001

Gestational age (weeks)b

34.66 ± 2.70

34.05 ± 2.85

34.11 ± 2.92

34.37 ± 2.95

0.408

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)b

23.39 ± 3.82

23.41 ± 3.89

22.85 ± 3.57

22.75 ± 3.56

0.029

Physical activity (MET (hour/day))b

26.55 ± 3.83

26.22 ± 4.30

26.99 ± 4.35

26.88 ± 4.35

0.201

Total energy (kcal/d)b

2003.99 ± 535.77

1811.50 ± 473.83

1816.03 ± 492.01

2013.07 ± 536.51

0.538

Carbohydrate (% of total energy)b

52.53 ± 7.86

52.56 ± 7.32

52.29 ± 6.82

53.06 ± 6.92

0.463

Protein (% of total energy)b

13.03 ± 2.07

13.35 ± 2.36

14.05 ± 2.52

14.30 ± 2.52

<0.001

Fat (% of total energy)b

35.62 ± 7.52

35.44 ± 6.97

35.11 ± 6.13

34.32 ± 6.09

0.026

Fish (g/d)c

8.72 ± 1.57

12.75 ± 1.61

12.15 ± 1.46

14.78 ± 1.37

0.035

Eggs (g/d)c

51.86 ± 2.96

54.21 ± 3.04

60.15 ± 2.75

58.43 ± 2.58

0.147

Whole grains and mixed beans (g/d) c

6.40 ± 1.50

8.42 ± 1.54

17.23 ± 1.39

21.55 ± 1.31

0.081

Fruits (g/d) c

250.69 ± 15.91

349.92 ± 16.33

389.83 ± 14.81

452.17 ± 13.90

<0.001

Vegetables (g/d) c

280.28 ± 11.18

317.22 ± 11.48

363.65 ± 10.41

442.72 ± 9.77

<0.001

Nuts and legumes (g/d)c

17.33 ± 1.85

28.37 ± 1.90

34.11 ± 1.73

42.27 ± 1.62

<0.001

Dairy products (g/d)c

113.59 ± 12.56

191.63 ± 12.89

221.75 ± 11.69

273.94 ± 10.97

<0.001

Red/processed meat (g/d)c

61.62 ± 2.78

46.74 ± 2.86

45.42 ± 2.59

33.38 ± 2.43

<0.001

Soft drinks and sweets (g/d)c

27.06 ± 4.08

13.91 ± 4.19

12.61 ± 3.80

8.35 ± 3.57

0.005

Sodium (mg/d)c

5140.88 ± 44.14

4903.33 ± 45.32

4660.01 ± 41.10

4279.80 ± 38.57

<0.001

  1. MET: metabolic equivalent task; DASH: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; BMI: body mass index; Q, quartile.
  2. aTotal DASH scores were divided into four ascending categories on an ordinal scale.
  3. bData are presented as mean ± SD; comparisons were made using ANOVA; ptrend were obtained using linear regression model.
  4. cData are presented as mean ± SEM; comparisons were made using ANCOVA; dietary intakes were adjusted for total energy intake; ptrend were obtained by considering the median score in each category as a continuous variable.
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