Table 2 HRs (95% CI) for the development of dementia according to severity of visual impairments.

Visual loss

No

5,999,693

163,077

34,517,933.23

4.7244

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

121,857

34,517,933.23

3.53025

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Yes

29,964

2,216

166,914.84

13.2762

1.376(1.32,1.435)

1.346(1.29,1.403)

1,640

166,914.84

9.82537

1.356(1.291,1.424)

1.328(1.265,1.394)

Visual impairment

<0.1

265,425

25,687

1,449,964.98

17.7156

1.792(1.75,1.836)

1.747(1.705,1.789)

19,512

1,449,964.98

13.4569

1.788(1.738,1.839)

1.747(1.698,1.797)

<0.3

238,594

22,000

1,315,615.03

16.7222

1.778(1.736,1.822)

1.739(1.698,1.782)

16,759

1,315,615.03

12.7385

1.783(1.733,1.835)

1.748(1.698,1.798)

<1.0

3,571,255

106,585

2,053,6251.49

5.1901

1.478(1.448,1.508)

1.445(1.416,1.475)

79,573

20,536,251.49

3.8748

1.503(1.467,1.54)

1.473(1.438,1.509)

≥1.0

1,954,383

11,021

1,138,3016.58

0.9682

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

7,653

11,383,016.58

0.6723

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Visual loss grade

No loss

5,999,693

163,077

34,517,933.23

4.7244

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

121,857

34,517,933.23

3.5303

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Grade 4,5,6

23,868

1,549

134,111.89

11.5501

1.296(1.233,1.362)

1.274(1.211,1.339)

1,144

134,111.89

8.5302

1.279(1.207,1.356)

1.26(1.189,1.335)

Grade 1,2,3

6,096

667

32,802.95

20.3335

1.59(1.474,1.716)

1.535(1.423,1.657)

496

32,802.95

15.1206

1.561(1.429,1.705)

1.508(1.381,1.647)

Visual loss and visual impairment

Loss

29,964

2,216

166,914.84

13.2762

2.08(1.986,2.178)

1.991(1.902,2.085)

1,640

166,914.84

9.8254

2.078(1.969,2.193)

1.997(1.892,2.107)

No loss & <0.1

243,272

23,905

1,326,864.38

18.0162

1.77(1.728,1.814)

1.727(1.686,1.77)

18,172

1,326,864.38

13.6954

1.763(1.714,1.815)

1.725(1.677,1.775)

No loss & <0.3

236,782

21,841

1,305,626.38

16.7284

1.773(1.73,1.817)

1.734(1.693,1.777)

16,646

1,305,626.38

12.7494

1.778(1.728,1.83)

1.743(1.694,1.794)

No loss & <1.0

3,566,526

106,330

20,509,741.78

5.1844

1.476(1.447,1.506)

1.444(1.415,1.473)

79,399

20,509,741.78

3.8713

1.501(1.466,1.538)

1.471(1.436,1.507)

No loss & ≥1.0

1,953,113

11,001

11,375,700.69

0.9671

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

7,640

11,375,700.69

0.6716

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

VD

Duration

IR per 1000

HR (95% C.I.)

Model 1

Model 2

Visual loss

No

20,495

34,517,933.23

0.59375

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Yes

273

166,914.84

1.63556

1.399(1.241,1.576)

1.355(1.203,1.527)

Visual impairment

<0.1

2,905

1,449,964.98

2.0035

1.863(1.749,1.985)

1.792(1.682,1.909)

<0.3

2,447

1,315,615.03

1.85997

1.791(1.679,1.912)

1.734(1.625,1.85)

<1.0

13,585

20,536,251.49

0.66151

1.447(1.376,1.523)

1.401(1.332,1.474)

≥1.0

1,831

11,383,016.58

0.16085

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Visual loss grade

No loss

20,495

34,517,933.23

0.59375

1(ref.)

1(ref.)

Grade 4,5,6

201

134,111.89

1.49875

1.368(1.19,1.572)

1.33(1.158,1.529)

Grade 1,2,3

72

32,802.95

2.19492

1.497(1.188,1.886)

1.434(1.138,1.807)

Visual loss and visual impairment

Loss

273

166,914.84

1.63556

2.084(1.832,2.37)

1.957(1.721,2.225)

No loss & <0.1

2,699

1,326,864.38

2.03412

1.855(1.739,1.979)

1.788(1.677,1.907)

No loss & <0.3

2,425

1,305,626.38

1.85735

1.788(1.675,1.908)

1.731(1.622,1.847)

No loss & <1.0

13,545

20,509,741.78

0.66042

1.447(1.375,1.523)

1.401(1.332,1.474)

No loss & ≥1.0

1,826

11,375,700.69

0.16052

1(ref.)

1(ref.)