Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants.
From: Continuous association of total bile acid levels with the risk of small for gestational age infants
Demographic variables | Serum TBA levels (μmol/L) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
<10.0 (n = 11120) | 10.0–39.9 (n = 563) | ≥40.0 (n = 128) | ||
Maternal age (years) | ||||
<25 [n (%)] | 1636 (14.71) | 121 (21.49) | 37 (28.91) | <0.001 |
25–34 [n (%)] | 8227 (73.98) | 371 (65.90) | 71 (55.47) | |
≥35 [n (%)] | 1257 (11.30) | 71 (12.61) | 20 (15.63) | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
<18.5 [n (%)] | 1916 (17.23) | 113 (20.07) | 29 (22.66) | 0.159 |
18.5–22.9 [n (%)] | 6875 (61.83) | 328 (58.26) | 79 (61.72) | |
23.0–27.4 [n (%)] | 2003 (18.01) | 102 (18.12) | 15 (11.72) | |
≥27.5 [n (%)] | 326 (2.93) | 20 (3.55) | 5 (3.90) | |
Maternal education (years) | ||||
≤9 (Junior school) | 3547 (31.72) | 288 (52.93) | 74 (57.81) | <0.001 |
10–15 (High school) | 3477 (31.09) | 155 (26.47) | 31 (24.22) | |
≥16 (University) | 3689 (32.99) | 111 (19.00) | 15 (11.72) | |
Data missing | 407 (4.20) | 9 (1.60) | 8 (6.25) | |
Mode of delivery [n (%)] | ||||
Vaginal delivery | 6276 (56.44) | 342 (60.75) | 81 (63.28) | 0.042 |
Cesarean delivery | 4844 (43.56) | 221 (39.25) | 47 (36.72) | |
Parity [n(%)] | ||||
1 | 8288 (74.53) | 418 (74.25) | 89 (69.53) | 0.432 |
≥2 | 2832 (25.47) | 145 (25.75) | 39 (30.47) | |
Gravidity | ||||
1 | 5931 (53.34) | 297 (52.75) | 61 (47.66) | 0.428 |
≥2 | 5189 (46.66) | 266 (47.25) | 67 (52.34) | |
Gestational diabetes mellitus [n(%)] | ||||
Yes | 917 (8.25) | 60 (10.66) | 12 (9.38) | 0.121 |
No | 10203 (91.75) | 503 (89.34) | 116 (90.62) | |
Gestational hypertension [n(%)] | ||||
Yes | 359 (3.23) | 21 (3.73) | 8 (6.25) | 0.135 |
No | 10761 (96.77) | 542 (96.27) | 120 (93.75) | |
Preeclampsia [n(%)] | ||||
Yes | 611 (5.49) | 77 (13.68) | 18 (14.06) | <0.001 |
No | 10506 (94.51) | 489 (86.32) | 110 (85.94) | |
