Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Cilostazol restores autophagy flux in bafilomycin A1-treated, cultured cortical astrocytes through lysosomal reacidification: roles of PKA, zinc and metallothionein 3

Figure 4The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Mt3 may be the main source of zinc increases following cAMP treatment. (a) Mt3-WT (left) astrocytes before (MT3 WT cAMP 0 h) and 60 minutes (MT3 WT cAMP 1 h) after exposure to 300 μM cAMP. FluoZin3 and LysoTracker fluorescence microscopy showed increases in free zinc levels in the cytosol and lysosomes following cAMP exposure. A 60-minute exposure to cAMP failed to increase intracellular and lysosomal free zinc levels in Mt3-null astrocytes (right) (n = 4; Scale bar, 20 μm). (b) Fluorescence photomicrographs of DND-189-loaded Mt3-WT (left) and Mt3-null (right) astrocytes, before and after a 60-minute exposure to BafA1 alone or BafA1 plus cAMP (Scale bar, 20 μm). BafA1 markedly reduced DND-189 fluorescence in both cultures. However, addition of cAMP reversed the effect of BafA1 only in WT astrocytes. Bars indicate relative changes in the fluorescence intensity. Values for individual bars were normalized to control values (mean ± SEM; ** denote P < 0.01 compared with BA or cAMP; Two-tailed Student’s t-test for 2 comparisons).

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