Figure 7

Predicted functional potential from the 16S rRNA gene information. By using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt2) within QIIME2, the identified 16S rRNA genomes were linked to pathways by ortholog annotation (KEGG orthologues, KO) to evaluate transformations in estimated functions in the saliva microbiome of 71 children with saliva swab samples from all five visits and free from antibiotics in the preceding 3-month period. (a) Bray-Curtis dissimilarity PCoA plot of participants based on their predicted abundance of KO orthologues (overall PERMANOVA, FDR, p = 0.0001 and between-age-group PERMANOVA, FDR, p < 0.009). (b) Proportions of major estimated functions at each age group. (c–j) Violin plots including box plots in a selected panel of functions illustrating changes between the five monitored ages (for all functions, overall PERMANOVA, FDR, p < 0.001).