Table 2 Characteristics of the BASE-II study population divided by sex.

Age [years]

68 ± 3.6

68 ± 3.4

<0.001

Weight [kg]

83.95 ± 12.27

69.77 ± 12.34

<0.001

Height [cm]

175.55 ± 6.21

162.83 ± 6.02

<0.001

BMI [kg/m²]

27.23 ± 3.65

26.34 ± 4.62

<0.001

Regular alcohol intake ^a

598 (91.0)

633 (87.8)

0.055

Current smoking ^a

73(11.1)

63 (8.8)

<0.001

Physically inactive ^a

73 (11.1)

56 (7.8)

0.04

GDS score

24.61 (1.04)

24.63 (1.05)

n.s.

Verbal memory

−0.1805 ± 0.9406

0.2259 ± 0.8751

<0.001

Visuo-construction

0.1460 ± 0.9589

−0.1276 ± 0.9381

<0.001

Executive functions and processing speed

0.0505 ± 0.9427

−0.0708 ± 0.8245

0.032

Verbal fluency

−0.1015 ± 0.7355

0.1018 ± 0.7065

<0.001

Total Cholesterol [mg/dL]

202 ± 38

226 ± 38

<0.001

HDL-C [mg/dL]

55 ± 14

69 ± 16

<0.001

LDL-C [mg/dL]

123 ± 34

136 ± 35

<0.001

TG [mg/dL]

122 ± 77

104 ± 51

<0.001

Lp(a) [mg/L]

230.2 ± 320.6

265 ± 338.5

0.004

22

5 (0.8)

3 (0.4)

n.s.

23

89 (13.5)

102 (14.1)

n.s.

24

15 (2.3)

25 (3.5)

n.s.

33

394 (59.8)

441 (61.2)

n.s.

34

146 (22.2)

138 (19.1)

n.s.

44

10 (1.5)

12 (1.7)

n.s.

Vitamin B12 [ng/L]

371.8 ± 213.5

423.1 ± 293.8

<0.001

Homocysteine [µmol/L]

14.29 ± 3.99

12.49 ± 3.44

<0.001

CRP [mg/L]

1.8 ± 2.4

2.2 ± 3.4

0.015

Folic acid [µg/L]

10.88 ± 5.34

11.97 ± 5.77

<0.001

HbA1c [%]

5.7 ± 0.6

5.6 ± 0.5

0.012

TSH basal [mU/L]

2.10 ± 3.07

2.29 ± 4.2

0.034

Sodium [mmol/L]

139 ± 3

140 ± 3

0.005

Potassium [mmol/L]

4.5 ± 0.4

4.5 ± 0.4

n.s.

Magnesium [mmol/L]

0.82 ± 0.07

0.81 ± 0.07

n.s.