Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Ultrastructure imaging of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lawn biofilms and eradication of the tobramycin-resistant variants under in vitro electroceutical treatment

Figure 5

Ultrastructure images of the biofilm at t = 24 h on (a–c) control, (d–f) anode, and (g–i) cathode. The nucleoid and cytoplasm can also be distinguished respectively in less electron-dense (lighter) and comparatively higher electron-dense (darker) regions in the un-lysed or intact bacteria (green triangle) obtained for control (a–c), whereas solid black arrows (→) show lipopolysaccharide (LPS) around the bacteria (c). Comparatively, mostly cellular debris (red triangle) is seen on the anode (d–f) as opposed to intact bacteria (green triangle). On the cathode (g–i), a heterogeneous mixture of intact and ruptured bacteria was observed. Additional structures were observed that visually resemble membrane vesicles (MV) (yellow circles in e, f, h, and i) at both the anode and the cathode.

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