Table 2 Inter-group differences in parameters of cognitive function and muscle, assessed using Student’s t-tests. Data are shown as mean (±SD).

Groups	Education		p	Marital status		p	Mobility		p	Smoking status		p
Groups	Completed secondary education	Not completed secondary education		Living with a partner	Living alone		Physically active	Sedentary		Current smokers	Non-smokers
n	204	86		239	52		195	96		9	277
*Cognitive function*
DET	2.47 (±0.10)	2.51 (±0.13)	0.003	2.47 (±0.10)	2.51 (±0.14)	0.04	2.51 (±0.12)	2.46 (±0.10)	<0.001	2.48 (±0.09)	2.48 (±0.11)	0.90
IDN	2.67 (±0.07)	2.71 (±0.07)	0.001	2.67 (±0.07)	2.72 (±0.09)	0.003	2.67 (±0.07)	2.71 (±0.09)	<0.001	2.63 (±0.05)	2.68 (±0.08)	0.02
OCL	0.94 (±0.10)	0.90 (±0.10)	0.007	0.93 (±0.10)	0.93 (±0.10)	0.97	0.94 (±0.09)	0.92 (±0.11)	0.08	0.92 (±0.09)	0.93 (±0.10)	0.68
OBK	2.89 (±0.10)	2.94 (±0.10)	<0.001	2.90 (±0.10)	2.95 (±0.11)	0.002	2.89 (±0.10)	2.93 (±0.12)	0.002	2.91 (±0.09)	2.91 (±0.11)	0.86
OCF	0.12 (±0.68)	−0.29 (±0.72)	<0.001	0.06 (±0.67)	−0.30 (±0.84)	0.006	0.13 (±0.63)	−0.28 (±0.81)	<0.001	0.16 (±0.45)	−0.004 (±0.73)	0.34
*Muscle parameters*
HGS	22 (±7)	19 (±7)	<0.001	22 (±7)	19 (±7)	0.002	23 (±7)	18 (±7)	<0.001	20 (±5)	21 (±7)	0.34
ALM/height²	8.3 (±0.9)	8.1 (±1.0)	0.07	8.3 (±1.0)	8.0 (±1.0)	0.12	8.4 (±0.9)	8.0 (±0.9)	<0.001	7.6 (±0.7)	8.3 (±0.9)	0.02
GS	0.9 (±0.2)	0.8 (±0.2)	0.001	0.9 (±0.2)	0.8 (±0.2)	0.13	0.9 (±0.2)	0.8 (±0.2)	<0.001	0.8 (±0.2)	0.9 (±0.2)	0.20

HGS: handgrip strength (kg); ALM: relative appendicular lean mass (kg/m²); GS: gait speed, measured as walking speed over 4 meters (m/s); DET: the detection task (log10 milliseconds) measuring psychomotor function; IDN: the identification task (log10 milliseconds) measuring attention; OCL: the one-card learning task (arcsine square root proportion correct) measuring memory/learning; OBK: one-back task (log10 milliseconds) measuring working memory; OCF: overall cognitive function (unit less).

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