Table 2 The observed frequencies of siblings (FS and HS) in beluga whale herds compared to random expectations using the program DEMERELATE.

	n†	run #	M_xy			r_xy
	n†	run #	Observed*	Expected	p value‡	Observed	Expected	p value
Kasegaluk Lagoon 1993	38	1	0.354	0.225	***	0.265	0.276	NS
		2	0.333	0.220	**	0.182	0.211	NS
		3	0.333	0.211	***	0.225	0.270	**
Husky lakes 1996	14	1	0.397	0.236	*	0.192	0.346	**
		2	0.397	0.231	**	0.218	0.372	**
		3	0.167	0.128	NS	0.192	0.244	NS
Kasegaluk Lagoon 1998	42	1	0.467	0.294	***	0.265	0.309	**
		2	0.242	0.146	***	0.254	0.279	NS
		3	0.467	0.288	***	0.319	0.382	***
Kasegaluk Lagoon 2001	25	1	0.243	0.147	***	0.243	0.240	NS
		2	0.243	0.130	***	0.237	0.243	NS
		3	0.243	0.137	***	0.227	0.30	**
Kotzebue Sound 2007	23	1	0.411	0.265	***	0.182	0.237	NS
		2	0.411	0.273	***	0.178	0.253	**
		3	0.411	0.249	***	0.182	0.249	*

Two estimators of pairwise relatedness were compared, M_xy and r_xy, and multiple runs were conducted for each herd. All herds yielded similar test outcomes. Results are provided for a number of the herds tested.
^†Sample sizes are smaller than total sample size as one individual from each PO pair was excluded from the test (see text for details).
*Observed proportions may differ among runs because the calculated relatedness thresholds for FS and HS may differ among runs.
^‡Statistical significance is denoted as follows: NS—p > 0.05; **0.001 < p ≤ 0.05, ***p ≤ 0.001.

Quick links

Search