Figure 5

Cell therapy with MSCs elevates regulatory T cell frequencies in the bone marrow and lymph nodes. (a) Human CD4⁺ and regulatory T cells were measured before and 7 days after injury. Regulatory T cells were identified by CD4, CD25, and intracellular expression of FOXP3. (b) Frequency of hCD4⁺ T cells and Treg were quantified in the peripheral blood of 16 mice before assignment to a treatment group. (c) After injury, hCD4⁺ T cell frequency was generally lower but increased in the lymph nodes by therapy with MSCs preconditioned by WSS. 8–9 mice were analyzed per group. (d) Tregs were reduced in multiple hematopoietic organs after neurotrauma but increased after therapy with MSCs (n = 8–9 mice per group).