Figure 2

(a) Experimental set-up and (b) an equivalent circuit model for the PE/FM heterostructure that captures the simultaneous ME write and read operation based on the pseudo-magnetization proposed in Ref. 4. (c) A concrete ME device that could be used for practical applications, where the FM is fabricated as a low-barrier nanomagnet (see Ref. 4 for the detailed operation of the voltage-controlled ME device).