Table 1 Sample size and prevalence of ophidiomycosis categories for snake species sampled in Georgia from 2016 to 2018. Species in bold do not have previously published reports of ophidiomycosis in wild snakes. Underlined species were excluded from the statistical analysis. Total weighted prevalence is shown for each category, including all species. 95% confidence intervals for prevalence are shown in parentheses.
Species | Scientific Name | Number of snakes sampled | Apparent ophidiomycosis prevalence (%) | Possible ophidiomycosis prevalence (%) | Ophidiomyces present prevalence (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Copperhead | Agkistrodon contortrix | 13 | 7.7 (0.2–36) | 7.7 (0.2–36) | 0.0 (0–24.7) |
Cottonmouth | Agkistrodon piscivorus | 39 | 20.5 (9.3–36.5) | 12.8 (4.3–27.4) | 7.7 (1.6–20.9) |
Scarlet snake | Cemophora coccinea | 28 | 3.6 (0.1–18.3) | 7.1 (0.9–23.5) | 0.0 (0–12.3) |
Eastern Racer | Coluber constrictor | 57 | 12.3 (5.1–23.7) | 17.5 (8.7–29.9) | 0.0 (0–6.3) |
Eastern Coachwhip | Coluber flagellum | 25 | 0.0 (0–13.7) | 40.0 (21.1–61.3) | 0.0 (0–13.7) |
Eastern Diamondback rattlesnake | Crotalus adamanteus | 25 | 24.0 (9.4–45.1) | 4.0 (0.1–20.4) | 0.0 (0–13.7) |
Timber rattlesnake | Crotalus horridus | 15 | 0.0 (0–21.8) | 6.7 (0.2–31.9) | 13.3 (1.7–40.5) |
Ring-necked snake | Diadophis punctatus | 11 | 9.1 (0.2–41.3) | 18.2 (2.3–51.8) | 0.0 (0–28.5) |
Eastern Indigo snake | Drymarchon couperi | 107 | 43.0 (33.5–52.9) | 40.2 (30.8–50.1) | 0.0 (0–3.4) |
Mud snake | Farancia abacura | 27 | 14.8 (4.2–33.7) | 29.6 (13.8–50.2) | 0.0 (0–12.8) |
Rainbow snake | Farancia erytrogramma | 4 | 25.0 (0.6–80.6) | 25.0 (0.6–80.6) | 0.0 (0–60.2) |
Rough earth snake | Haldea striatula | 2 | 0.0 (0–84.2) | 50.0 (1.3–98.7) | 0.0 (0–84.2) |
Eastern Hognose snake | Heterodon platirhinos | 35 | 2.9 (0.1–14.9) | 11.4 (3.2–26.7) | 0.0 (0–10.0) |
Southern Hognose snake | Heterodon simus | 3 | 0.0 (0–70.8) | 33.3 (0.8–90.6) | 0.0 (0–70.80 |
Scarlet kingsnake | Lampropeltis elapsoides | 8 | 0.0 (0–36.9) | 0.0 (0–36.9) | 0.0 (0–36.9) |
Eastern kingsnake | Lampropeltis getula | 16 | 12.5 (1.6–38.3) | 12.5 (1.6–38.3) | 18.8 (4.0–45.6) |
Striped crayfish snake | Liodytes alleni | 4 | 0.0 (0–60.2) | 25.0 (0.6–80.6) | 0.0 (0–60.2) |
Black swamp snake | Liodytes pygaea | 15 | 0.0 (0–21.8) | 6.7 (0.2–31.9) | 0.0 (0–21.8) |
Glossy Crayfish snake | Liodytes rigida | 20 | 0.0 (0–16.8) | 25.0 (8.7–49.1) | 0.0 (0–16.8) |
Eastern coral snake | Micrurus fulvius | 4 | 0.0 (0–60.2) | 0.0 (0–60.2) | 0.0 (0–60.2) |
Plain-bellied watersnake | Nerodia erythrogaster | 27 | 37.0 (19.4–57.6) | 22.2 (8.6–42.3) | 7.4 (0.9–24.3) |
Banded watersnake | Nerodia fasciata | 69 | 5.8 (1.6–14.2) | 13.0 (6.1–23.3) | 4.3 (0.9–12.2) |
Florida Green watersnake | Nerodia floridana | 2 | 0.0 (0–84.2) | 50.0 (1.3–98.7) | 0.0 (0–84.2) |
Brown watersnake | Nerodia taxispilota | 33 | 33.3 (18.0–51.8) | 12.1 (3.4–28.2) | 12.1 (3.4–28.2) |
Rough green snake | Opheodrys aestivus | 19 | 5.3 (0.1–26.0) | 42.1 (20.3–66.5) | 0.0 (0–17.6) |
Eastern ratsnake | Pantherophis alleghaniensis | 61 | 11.5 (4.7–22.2) | 27.9 (17.1–40.8) | 1.6 (0–8.8) |
Corn snake | Pantherophis guttatus | 32 | 0.0 (0–10.9) | 9.4 (2.0–25.0) | 3.1 (0.1–16.2) |
Pine snake | Pituophis melanoleucus | 9 | 11.1 (0.3–48.2) | 33.3 (7.5–70.1) | 0.0 (0–33.6) |
Pygmy rattlesnake | Sistrurus miliarius | 16 | 6.3 (0.2–30.2) | 6.3 (0.2–30.2) | 0.0 (0–20.6) |
Brown snake | Storeria dekayi | 2 | 0.0 (0–84.2) | 0.0 (0–84.2) | 0.0 (0–84.2) |
Redbelly snake | Storeria occipitomaculata | 2 | 0.0 (0–84.2) | 0.0 (0–84.2) | 0.0 (0–84.2) |
Ribbon snake | Thamnophis sauritus | 19 | 5.3 (0.1–26.0) | 21.1 (6.1–45.6) | 0.0 (0–17.6) |
Garter snake | Thamnophis sirtalis | 36 | 5.6 (0.7–18.7) | 13.9 (4.7–29.5) | 2.8 (0.1–14.5) |
Smooth earth snake | Virginia valeriae | 1 | 0.0 (0–97.5) | 0.0 (0–97.5) | 0.0 (0–97.5) |
Overall | 786 | 14.8 (12.3–17.4) | 20.4 (17.5–23.3) | 2.5 (1.6–3.9) |
