Figure 7 | Scientific Reports

Figure 7

From: Effect of echinalkamide identified from Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench on the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption

Figure 7The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Echinalkamide inhibits the bone resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. BMMs were stimulated with RANKL (10 ng/mL) and M-CSF (30 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of echinalkamide on mineralized matrix Osteo Assay Surface 96-well plates for 7 days. After that, (A) the cells were removed and photographed under a light microscope at the indicated magnification (50×). (B) The resorption areas (%) were quantified using the Image J program. (C, D) The mRNA expression levels of MMP-9 and cathepsin K were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. GAPDH was used as the internal control. (E) The protein levels of MMP-9 and cathepsin K were analyzed by western blot analysis. Actin was used as the internal control. Full blots are provided in Supplementary Fig. S02. All the data were confirmed by technical replicated (n = 3). The results are presented as the mean ± SD. Values with different letters (a, b, c, d, e) are significantly different one from another (one-way ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls multiple range test, p < 0.05).

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