Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Digital and analogue modulation and demodulation scheme using vortex-based spin torque nano-oscillators

Figure 2

Voltage measured experimentally (a,c,e,g) and the magnetisation component collinear to the reference layer (my) from micromagnetic simulations (b,d,f,h) as a function of time for different excitation strengths. Typical trajectories of the vortex core calculated from the micromagnetic simulations are presented, where A and B are the point of core expulsion and renucleation, respectively. (i) Experimental and (j) micromagnetic dynamical state diagram where (i) the resistance and (j) the average magnetisation < my > are plotted as a function of the excitation strength (\({I}_{ant}^{rf}\)/\({H}_{y}^{rf}\)) and excitation frequency.

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