Figure 4

Upstream signalling in the impaired monocyte. (A) Monocytes were cultured in naïve or impaired conditions for 16 h, washed and then challenged with 100 ng/mL of LPS. TAK-1 activation was expressed as a ratio of phosphorylated over total TAK-1 levels, normalized to β-actin (n = 5). Original uncropped 15-well gels are available in Supplemental Material. For each individual sample and protein, different β-actin levels are presented because separate Western Blots were performed on the same samples to avoid antibody interactions. Data is shown as mean ± SE. *p < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (B) Pathway analysis of toll-like receptor signaling in the impaired monocyte based on gene expression profiling. The pathway analyses were generated through the use of IPA (QIAGEN Inc., https://www.qiagenbioinformatics.com/products/ingenuity-pathway-analysis)4.