Figure 8

(a) Voltammogram of 5 × 10–6 M IDA in pH 1.5 phosphate buffer using a) bare GCE by DPV method (b) Ru@VC/GCE by DPV method (c) bare GCE by AdSDPV method with 0.0 mV accumulation potential, 30 s accumulation time (d) Ru@VC/GCE by AdSDPV method with 0.0 mV accumulation potential, 30 s accumulation time.