Table 5 Oral toxicity of fluralaner and imidacloprid in four house fly strains at 24 h.

From: Toxicity of fluralaner, a companion animal insecticide, relative to industry-leading agricultural insecticides against resistant and susceptible strains of filth flies

Strain

Insecticide

n

LC50 (95% CI) (μg/g sugar)

Slope (SE)

χ2 (p-value)

RR

NIU

Imidacloprid

320

51.4 (43.6–60.4)

2.2 (0.3)

1.75 (0.42)

–

Fluralaner

320

2.25 (1.90–2.60)

2.6 (0.3)

4.04 (0.13)

–

USDA-R

Imidacloprid

479

62.0 (53.3–71.0)

2.3 (0.2)

2.39 (0.50)

1.2

Fluralaner

367

6.93 (5.71–8.15)

2.7 (0.3)

0.32 (0.96)

3.1*

USDA-mixed

Imidacloprid

720

75.9 (69.1–83.1)

2.8 (0.2)

3.59 (0.17)

1.5*

Fluralaner

720

1.68 (1.52–1.84)

2.7 (0.2)

4.25 (0.12)

0.8*

KS8S3

Imidacloprid

320

173 (150–197)

2.8 (0.3)

0.22 (0.90)

3.4*

Fluralaner

320

1.47 (1.27–1.68)

3.0 (0.3)

0.36 (0.83)

0.7*

  1. RR resistance ratio = LC50 of resistant or field strain divided by LC50 of NIU susceptible strain.
  2. *No overlap of the 95% CI of the LC50 with that of the susceptible NIU strain for the same pesticide; i.e., level of resistance-susceptibility differs from NIU.
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