Table 1 Major hemolymph cation and anion composition of freshly captured wild Xenograpsus testudinatus (N = 6) as well as crabs exposed to either pH 6.50 (2.7 kPa \({\text{P}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\); N = 6) or pH 5.50 (24.6 kPa \({\text{P}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{2} }}\); N = 6–7) for 14-days.

From: Specialized adaptations allow vent-endemic crabs (Xenograpsus testudinatus) to thrive under extreme environmental hypercapnia

Exposure

Na+

K+

Ca2+

Mg2+

Cl−

HCO3−

TAMM

pH 6.50

440 ± 10

16.7 ± 0.8

24 ± 2

36 ± 1

480 ± 10

19 ± 3

1.4 ± 0.2

pH 5.50

348 ± 7

10.1 ± 0.2

15.4 ± 0.9

41 ± 2

426 ± 5

88 ± 5

1.2 ± 0.2

Wild caught (pH 6.40)

410 ± 10

16.0 ± 0.9

14.2 ± 0.9

36 ± 1

490 ± 8

N/a

N/a

  1. Data presented as mean concentrations (mmol l−1) ± S.E.M; ‘N/a’ represents unmeasured parameters.
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