Figure 1

Transthyretin aggregate formation and pulse formation. (A) Native PAGE of transthyretin aggregates. Transthyretin of WT and L55P mutants formed aggregates with molar weights > 245 kDa at pH 4 and 37 °C for 3 days. Transthyretin concentrations were 0.2 mg/mL. The full photograph without contrast of gel electrophoresis is in SI Fig. S1A. (B) Voltage and current waveform. Both are the average of 20 waveforms. The maximum voltage was 126 kV, which was close to that of a simulation, and the maximum current was 4.0 kA. The voltage in the simulation rose after the main pulse because we did not set tail-cut switch in the simulation. We therefore erased the waveform after 5 ns. (C,D) Our machine combined a 10-stage Marx circuit and a pulse sharpening section. (E) The detailed structure of the pulse sharpening section, composed of a peaking capacitor, a gap switch, and a tail-cut switch. The insulators are red and the electric conductors are cyan. Detailed explanations of each part, the methods to acquire the signals, and the structure of the sample holder are found in SI Fig. S2. Image J adjusted (A).