Table 2 Summary information of instrumental variables for LTL and ALS in the European population.

SNP	GENE	CHR	BP	A1/A2	LTL				ALS				PVE	F
SNP	GENE	CHR	BP	A1/A2	BETA	SE	p	N	BETA	SE	p	N	PVE	F
rs11125529	TERT	2	54,329,370	C/A	− 0.056	0.010	4.48E−08	37,653	− 0.007	0.020	0.730	80,610	8.32E−04	31.4
rs10936599	TERC	3	170,974,795	T/C	− 0.079	0.008	2.54E−31	37,669	0.003	0.016	0.839	80,610	3.89E−03	147.0
rs7675998	ZNF208	4	164,227,270	A/G	− 0.074	0.009	4.35E−16	34,694	− 0.005	0.016	0.747	80,610	1.94E−03	67.6
rs2736100	NAF1	5	1,339,516	A/C	− 0.078	0.009	4.38E−19	25,842	0.010	0.014	0.493	80,610	2.90E−03	75.1
rs9420907	ACYP2	10	105,666,455	A/C	− 0.069	0.010	6.90E−11	37,653	0.050	0.019	0.011	80,610	1.26E−03	47.6
rs8105767	RTEL1	19	22,007,281	A/G	− 0.048	0.008	1.11E−09	37,499	0.006	0.015	0.683	80,610	9.59E−04	36.0
rs755017	OBFC1	20	61,892,066	A/G	− 0.062	0.011	6.71E−09	37,113	− 0.005	0.022	0.831	80,610	8.55E−04	31.8

SNP the label of single-nucleotide polymorphism that served as instrumental variable, CHR chromosome, BP base position, A1 effect allele, indicates the allele that is associated with shorter LTL, explaining why all the BETA estimates are negative, A2 alternative allele, BETA SNP effect size, SE standard error of the SNP effect size, p and N are respectively the p value and sample size, PVE proportion of variance explained by the SNP (i.e. \({\text{PVE}}_{i} = (\hat{\beta }_{i}^{x} )^{2} /((\hat{\beta }_{i}^{x} )^{2} + {\text{var(}}\hat{\beta }_{i}^{x} ) \times N_{i} )\)⁸⁶, where \(\hat{\beta }_{i}^{x}\) and \({\text{var(}}\hat{\beta }_{i}^{x} )\) are the estimated effect size and variance for instrument i; F: F statistic (i.e. \(F_{i} = {\text{PVE}}_{i} {(}N_{i} - 1 - k{)/}(k - k \times {\text{PVE}}_{i} )\)^87,88, where N_i is the sample size for instrument i and k is the number of instruments). Both of PVE and F statistic are calculated to validate the issue of weak instruments.

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