Table 4 Comparison of dietary parameters between tertiles for each dietary pattern.

From: Association of dietary patterns with serum phosphorus in maintenance haemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study

 

Home FoodDP

P trend

P value* T1vsT3

Tertile 1

(n = 142)

Tertile 2

(n = 144)

Tertile 3

(n = 149)

Energy (kcal)

1490 ± 359

1564 ± 366

1519 ± 301

0.183

> 0.999

Energy (kcal/kg)

24.6 ± 6.0

25.9 ± 7.4

25.0 ± 5.9

0.244

> 0.999

Total protein (g)

48.7 (23.0)

52.6 (21.9)

54.2 (17.9)

0.002

0.002

Total protein (g/kg)

0.8 (0.5)

0.8 (0.4)

0.9 (0.4)

0.010

0.007

Animal protein (g)

24.0 (22.0)

26.7 (19.6)

32.1 (16.7)

0.001

0.001

Plant protein (g)

22.7 (11.2)

23.9 (9.2)

24.8 (9.6)

0.474

–

Total phosphate (mg)

625 (284)

632 (328)

648 (237)

0.206

–

Animal organic phosphate (mg)

196 (201)

251 (186)

282 (198)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Plant organic phosphate (mg)

262 (183)

273 (161)

274 (133)

0.247

–

Inorganic phosphate (mg)

89 (147)

91 (148)

67 (108)

0.026

0.055

Phosphate to protein ratio (mg/g)

12.1 (4.1)

12.2 (3.3)

11.9 (2.9)

0.249

–

Total fluid (ml)

1177 (730)

1258 (966)

1336 (776)

0.004

0.003

Dietary monotony index

30 (13)

30 (11)

29 (13)

0.803

–

Eating out frequency (per week)

8 (10)

9 (11)

7 (10)

0.027

> 0.999

 

Sugar Sweetened BeveragesDP

P trend

P value* T1vsT3

Tertile 1

(n = 145)

Tertile 2

(n = 145)

Tertile 3

(n = 145)

Energy (kcal)

1431 ± 334

1491 ± 332

1651 ± 328

< 0.001

< 0.001

Energy (kcal/kg)

23.5 ± 5.9

25.6 ± 6.8

26.5 ± 6.4

< 0.001

< 0.001

Total protein (g)

53.3 (20.6)

51.5 (22.3)

51.1 (21.2)

0.583

–

Total protein (g/kg)

0.9 (0.4)

0.9 (0.5)

0.8 (0.4)

0.525

–

Animal protein (g)

29.9 (22.0)

27.7 (19.7)

27.4 (17.0)

0.411

–

Plant protein (g)

22.7 (10.4)

24.4 (9.6)

24.3 (11.2)

0.233

–

Total phosphate (mg)

604 (263)

639 (290)

683 (278)

0.168

–

Animal organic phosphate (mg)

230 (230)

242 (217)

237 (195)

0.670

–

Plant organic phosphate (mg)

264 (163)

274 (156)

270 (157)

0.595

–

Inorganic phosphate (mg)

63 (106)

64 (116)

128 (167)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Phosphate to protein ratio (mg/g)

11.4 (3.5)

12.0 (3.1)

12.7 (3.2)

0.001

0.001

Total fluid (ml)

1183 (1032)

1173 (632)

1350 (795)

< 0.001

0.010

Dietary monotony index

28 (10)

30 (15)

30 (10)

0.411

–

Eating out frequency (per week)

7 (10)

7 (10)

10 (9)

0.002

0.002

 

Eating-out NoodleDP

P trend

P value* T1vsT3

T1

(n = 202)

T2

(n = 116)

T3

(n = 117)

Energy (kcal)

1491 ± 360

1549 ± 323

1557 ± 331

0.166

0.293

Energy (kcal/kg)

23.9 ± 6.7

26.6 ± 6.4

25.8 ± 5.9

0.001

0.033

Total protein (g)

49.1 (20.1)

53.9 (15.6)

53.1 (27.2)

0.016

0.062

Total protein (g/kg)

0.8 (0.3)

0.9 (0.4)

1.0 (0.5)

< 0.001

0.003

Animal protein (g)

26.9 (18.8)

30.0 (17.4)

28.0 (24.4)

0.476

–

Plant protein (g)

22.1 (9.9)

23.2 (10.6)

26.1 (9.1)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Total phosphate (mg)

634 (264)

634 (257)

638 (327)

0.847

–

Animal organic phosphate (mg)

238 (215)

248 (167)

226 (241)

0.517

–

Plant organic phosphate (mg)

253 (169)

273 (169)

289 (150)

0.390

–

Inorganic phosphate (mg)

77 (149)

85 (151)

79 (106)

0.725

–

Phosphate to protein ratio (mg/g)

12.4 (3.6)

12.1 (2.9)

11.4 (3.1)

0.004

0.003

Total fluid (ml)

1347 (1007)

1209 (833)

1222 (571)

0.207

–

Dietary monotony index

30 (11)

28 (9)

31 (13)

0.044

0.851

Eating out frequency (per week)

8 (10)

8 (9)

9 (10)

0.011

0.009

  1. Data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range (IQR). Bold values denote statistical significance at p-value < 0.05.
  2. *Significance values had been adjusted for multiple tests.
  3. “–” The Dunn’s post hoc test was not performed if the overall test was not significant.
  4. T1 tertile 1, T2 tertile 2, T3 tertile 3.
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