Table 6 Comparison of characteristics between patients of tertile 3 of home food and sugar sweetened beverages dietary patterns.

From: Association of dietary patterns with serum phosphorus in maintenance haemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study

 

Tertile 3 Home FoodDP

(n = 105)

Tertile 3 SSBDP

(n = 101)

P value

Age (year)

58.6 ± 12.6

52.6 ± 12.1

0.001

Gender

Male

58 (55.2%)

70 (69.3%)

0.037

Female

47 (44.8%)

31 (30.7%)

Sector

Government

36 (34.3%)

45 (44.6%)

0.050

NGO

54 (51.4%)

35 (34.7%)

Private

15 (14.3%)

21 (20.8%)

Ethnic

Malay

34 (32.4%)

59 (58.4%)

< 0.001

Chinese

54 (51.4%)

26 (25.7%)

Indian

17 (16.2%)

16 (15.8%)

Compliance to binder

Yes

39 (37.5%)

42 (42.9%)

0.437

No

65 (62.5%)

56 (57.1%)

Kt/V

1.66 ± 0.43

1.65 ± 0.27

0.909

Energy (kcal/kg)

1456 ± 266

1644 ± 327

< 0.001

Protein (g/kg)*

54.1 (17.4)

49.5 (20.2)

0.044

Phosphate (mg)*

607 (228)

632 (280)

0.584

Plant protein (g)*

24.4 (8.6)

23.5 (9.5)

0.688

Animal protein (g)*

31.9 (18.6)

24.7 (16.4)

0.004

Organic plant phosphate (mg)*

267 (131)

265 (164)

0.353

Organic animal phosphate (mg)*

283 (199)

231 (186)

0.003

Inorganic phosphate (mg)*

45 (98)

147 (158)

< 0.001

Phosphate protein ratio*

11.6 (3.1)

12.9 (3.6)

0.001

Serum phosphorus (mmol/l)

1.71 ± 0.47

1.87 ± 0.49

0.021

1.75 ± 0.06†

1.92 ± 0.06†

0.014†

Category of serum phosphorus

≤ 1.78 mmol/l

61 (58.1%)

45 (44.6%)

0.052

> 1.78 mmol/l

44 (41.9%)

56 (55.4%)

  1. Continuous data was presented as mean ± SD and independent t test was used for analyses while categorical data was presented as frequency (%) and chi-square test was used for analysis.
  2. DP dietary pattern, NGO non-governmental organization, SSB sugar sweetened beverages.
  3. *Data was presented as median with interquartile range (IQR) and Mann–Whitney test was used for analyses. Bold values denote statistical significance at p-value < 0.05.
  4. †Data was presented as mean ± SE and the general linear model was used for analysis with adjustment for age, gender, ethnic, sector of dialysis provider, dialysis vintage, Kt/V, normalization of protein nitrogen appearance, history of parathyroidectomy, prescription of activated vitamin D, and self-reported compliance to phosphate binder.
  5. Forty-four patients were excluded in these analyses as they were categorized into tertile 3 of both Home FoodDP and SSBDP.
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