Table 1 Alpha diversity of microbiota from fecal contents.

Group	No. of OTUs	Good’s library coverage (%)	Alpha-diversity
Group	No. of OTUs	Good’s library coverage (%)	ACE	Chao1	Jackknife	Shannon	Simpson
Group1
Male_con. (n = 5)	448	97.50	845.92	671.14	845.70	3.69	0.09
Male_E2 (n = 12)	809	93.32	2,979.60	1835.93	2,431.81	3.64	0.11
Female_con (n = 11)	588	96.12	1,296.39	1,042.18	1,332.23	3.87	0.08
Female_ovx (n = 7)	642	95.59	1554.89	1,139.11	1,347.69	4.20	0.05
p-value^a	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.874	0.165
p-value^b	0.094	0.221	0.298	0.342	0.964	0.013	0.003
p-value^c	0.008	0.020	0.100	0.008	0.062	0.307	0.863
p-value^d	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.003	0.001
Group2
Male_con (n = 5)	448	97.50	845.92	671.14	845.70	3.69	0.09
Male_AOM/DSS (n = 12)	595	95.71	1706.74	1,150.79	1,367.99	3.94	0.06
Male_AOM/DSS/E2 (n = 12)	567	95.82	1639.04	1,133.03	1,440.71	3.64	0.10
p-value^e	0.006	0.006	0.008	0.006	0.020	0.126	0.275
p-value^f	0.386	0.644	0.603	0.773	0.773	0.030	0.055
p-value^g	0.020	0.018	0.026	0.017	0.060	0.070	0.152

Data are presented as the medians. p-value < 0.05 was considered to be significant and was presented as boldface. Mann–Whitney U-test for comparison difference between independent two groups was performed in a, b, c, e, and f. The difference between Group1 and between Group2 was analysed by Kruskal–Wallis H test in d and g.
^ap-values between Male_Con vs. Male_E2; ^bp-values between Female_Con vs. Female_OVX; ^cp-values between Male_Con vs. Female_Con; ^dp-values between Group1; ^ep-values between Male_Con vs. Male_AOM/DSS; ^fp-values between Male_AOM/DSS vs. Male_AOM/DSS/E2; ^gp-values between Group2. OTU, operational taxonomic unit; Con, control; E2, 17β-Estradiol; OVX, ovariectomized; AOM, azoxymethane; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium salt.

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