Figure 3
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) biplot of four focal fisheries and factors connected to illegality. The PCA score plot (colored circles) represents how the levels of each factor cluster (or not) across the two principal components, while the loading plot represents how each fishery is influenced by each principal component. Represented on the horizontal dimension, all the fisheries share the same high levels of small-scale activity (i.e., port, quota, and season) and stakeholders (i.e., fishers and purchasers). Represented on the vertical dimension, differences between the focal fisheries are revealed in the infrastructure and certain stakeholders. Factors connected to exportation and processing are closely connected to kelp illegality, while factors connected to retail (e.g., restaurants and markets) are closely connected to hake illegality. For all fisheries, industrial activities and transshipment boats are weakly associated with illegal activity.
