Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of patients in this study.

From: High fractional excretion of glycation adducts is associated with subsequent early decline in renal function in type 1 diabetes

Characteristic

Normoalbuminuria (n = 30)

Microalbuminuria (n = 55)

P value NA vs. MA

P value NA and stable GFR vs. early GFR decline

Stable GFR (n = 33)

Early GFR Decline (n = 22)

Gender (female, %)

18 (60%)

16 (48%)

13 (59%)

  

Age (years)

41.9 ± 6.2

36.3 ± 8.8

37.8 ± 8.0

 < 0.01

 

Duration of diabetes (years)

26.3 ± 8.3

23.0 ± 8.2

23.6 ± 8.3

  

Current smoking (%)

1 (3%)

13 (39%)

11 (50%)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

118.4 ± 11.0

121.6 ± 14.9

128.3 ± 20.1

  

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

73.4 ± 6.2

76.0 ± 10.5

76.6 ± 8.7

  

Glycated hemoglobin A1c (%)*

7.81 ± 1.25

8.73 ± 1.10

9.92 ± 1.48

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)*

190 ± 34

187 ± 40

223 ± 39

 

 < 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)*

107 ± 97

97 ± 56

157 ± 117

 

0.01

Urinary albumin excretion rate (µg/min)*

2-year baseline interval

11.9 [9.7–12.3]

45.1 [32.4–58.2]

47.1 [32.8–55.1]

 < 0.001

 

At time of adduct measurement

6.4 [3.4–13.6]

74.3 [35.2–66.8]

59.8 [36.5–85.5]

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Serum cystatin C (mg/L)

0.72 ± 0.08

0.77 ± 0.13

0.85 ± 0.27

 < 0.05

 < 0.01

GFRCYSTATIN C (ml/min/1.73m2)

117.1 ± 13.6

111.9 ± 18.3

104.6 ± 25.8

 

 < 0.05

  1. Data are mean ± SD or median [interquartile range]. All participants in the normoalbuminuria group had stable GFR. Abbreviations: NA, normoalbuminuria group; MA, microalbuminuria group. *These values represent the mean values for all measurements taken during the two-year baseline interval used for classification of new onset microalbuminuria.
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