Table 4 Relative permittivity (εr) with moisture (%) change using the FSM and WMM method.

From: SNG and DNG meta-absorber with fractional absorption band for sensing application

Measurement method

Moisture percentage (%)

ε r (real) at resonance f1 (10.62 GHz)

ε r (real) at resonance f2 (11.64 GHz)

ε r (real) at resonance f3 (12.8 GHz)

FSM

0

 − 103.3

5.05

17.99

WMM

 − 2.4

1.94

2.12

FSM

8.5

 − 13.37

12.07

2.37

WMM

2.82

0.95

1.17

FSM

16.1

22.78

7.56

18.83

WMM

2.44

1.03

 − 3.81