Table 1 Feed intake, vital signs, rumen pH and temperature associated with thermal stress or intake restriction.

Response	HS		PF		SE	P-values
Response	P1	P2	P1	P2	SE	Per	Trt	Per × Trt
Room temperature, °C	20.5^a	29.0^b	20.4^a	20.0^a	0.14	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Dry matter intake, kg/day	8.7^b	6.9^a	9.2^b	6.9^a	0.5	< 0.01	0.69	0.44
Rectal temperature, °C	38.6^a	38.9^b	38.5^a	38.5^a	0.06	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
Respiration rate, breaths/min	40.4^b	45.4^c	34.2^ab	30.8^a	1.4	0.46	< 0.01	< 0.01
Heart rate, beats/min	75.6^b	77.0^c	68.4^a	64.0^ab	1.64	0.18	< 0.01	0.02
Median rumen temperature, °C	39.8^b	39.2^a	39.4^ab	39.0^a	0.11	< 0.01	0.08	0.06
Diurnal rumen temperature variation	3.9^a	5.0^ab	5.9^b	4.3^ab	0.52	0.67	0.31	< 0.01
Median rumen pH	6.3	6.2	6.3	6.2	0.13	0.08	0.92	0.35
Diurnal pH variation	6.8^a	7.9^ab	9.9^b	6.3^ab	0.74	0.10	0.41	< 0.01

HS Heat Stress, PF Pair-fed, P1 period 1, P2 period 2, Per period, Trt treatment, Per × Trt period by treatment interaction.
^a,bSuperscripts represent statistical differences among treatment groups a, b and periods.

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