Table 1 Association of demographic and clinical characteristics of OPC patients and HPV double positivity for HPV-DNA/p16INK4a.

From: Epidemiology of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer in a classically low-burden region of southern Europe

Characteristics

OPC samples (n = 864) No. (%)a

HPV-DNA detection AND p16INK4a high expression (n = 78)

Crude prevalence No. (%)b

Adjusted prevalencec (%)

Crude OR [95% CI]

Adjusted ORc [95% CI]

Age at diagnosis (years)

 ≤ 60

456 (52.9)

46 (10.1)

13.1

1.4 [0.8–2.2]

3.0 [1.6–5.7]

 > 60

406 (47.1)

31 (7.6)

6.8

Ref

Ref

Mean age at diagnosis (SD)

60.3 (10.7)

58.7 (13.4)

   

Age range

28–93

28–93

   

Gender

Male

766 (88.9)

57 (7.4)

9.3

Ref

Ref

Female

96 (11.1)

21 (21.9)

11.1

3.4 [2.0–5.9]

1.3 [0.6–2.8]

Centerd

H Mar

100 (11.6)

6 (6.0)

 

Ref

 

H ICO-Bellvitge

241 (27.9)

18 (7.5)

 

1.2 [0.5–2.9]

 

H Parc Taulí

84 (9.7)

5 (6.0)

 

1.0 [0.3–2.9]

 

H Sant Pau

439 (50.8)

49 (11.2)

 

1.9 [0.8–4.2]

 

Period of diagnosis

1991–1996

140 (16.2)

7 (5.0)

7.7

Ref

Ref

1997–2001

97 (11.2)

2 (2.1)

2.7

0.4 [0.1–1.7]

0.2 [0.1–1.1]

2002–2006

221 (25.6)

16 (7.2)

8.6

1.4 [0.6–3.2]

1.2 [0.4–3.1]

2007–2011

257 (29.7)

21 (8.2)

8.4

1.6 [0.7–3.6]

1.1 [0.4–2.9]

2012–2016

149 (17.2)

32 (21.5)

18.3

4.9 [2.2–10.7]

4.3 [1.6–11.4]

Tobacco use

Non-smoker

90 (11.2)

36 (40.0)

23.4

15.8 [8.2–28.3]

9.4 [4.3–20.7]

< 20 cigarettes/day

116 (14.4)

19 (16.4)

11.1

4.6 [2.5–8.7]

2.7 [1.3–5.7]

≥ 20 cigarettes/day

598 (74.4)

23 (3.8)

5.3

Ref

Ref

Alcohol consumption

Non-drinker

161 (20.0)

46 (28.6)

14.7

27.0[11.4–64.2]

10.2 [3.8–27.5]

 < 100 g/day

245 (30.4)

27 (11.0)

12.4

8.3 [3.4–20.2]

7.8 [3.0–20.1]

 ≥ 100 g/day

401 (49.7)

5 (1.2)

2.6

Ref

Ref

Subsite

Tonsil

350 (40.5)

53 (15.1)

14.1

5.6 [2.8–11.1]

5.2 [2.4–11.5]

BOT

189 (21.9)

16 (8.5)

7.5

2.8 [1.3–6.3]

1.9 [0.8–4.9]

Tonsil & BOT

19 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

2.2

0.4 [0.0–7.6]

0.4 [0.0–8.8]

Otherse

306 (35.4)

9 (2.9)

4.7

Ref

Ref

Stage (7th edition TNM)

I&II

183 (21.3)

6 (3.3)

4.4

Ref

Ref

III

184 (21.4)

19 (10.3)

12.2

3.1 [1.3–7.3]

4.7 [1.7–12.6]

IVa

393 (45.6)

49 (12.5)

11.6

3.8 [1.7–8.5]

4.3 [1.7–10.6]

IVb

82 (9.5)

4 (4.9)

6.1

1.4 [0.4–4.5]

1.6 [0.4–6.0]

IVc

19 (2.2)

0 (0.0)

2.5

0.3 [0.0–6.8]

0.5 [0.0–13.6]

Histologyd

SCC Conventional keratinizing

547 (63.3)

20 (3.7)

 

Ref

 

SCC Conventional non-keratinizing

234 (27.1)

28 (12.0)

 

3.4 [1.9–6.0]

 

SCC Basaloid, papillary, exophitic

73 (8.4)

29 (39.7)

 

16.2 [8.6–30.5]

 

SCC Sarcomatoid

3 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

 

0.7 [0.0–28.3]

 

Non-SCCf

7 (0.8)

1 (14.3)

 

3.0 [0.4–24.3]

 

Total

864

78 (9.0)

9.7

  
  1. OPC Oropharyngeal carcinoma, SD Standard deviation, H Hospital, SCC Squamous cell carcinoma, BOT base of tongue, CI credibility interval.
  2. aColumn percentage. bRow percentage. cAdjusted by age at diagnosis, gender, period of diagnosis, subsite, tobacco and alcohol consumption and stage. dNot considered in the multivariable model. eOthers include: Soft palate-C05.1, Uvula-C05.2, Vallecula, Glossoepiglottic fold, lateral and posterior wall of the oropharynx, overlapping lesion of the oropharynx and oropharynx unspecified-C10, Waldeyer ring-C14.2. fNon SCC include: 4 undifferentiated (1 of them HPV double positive) and three neuroendocrine carcinomas. In bold those estimates showing a clear association with HPV-DNA/p16INK4a positivity (i.e. credibility intervals do not contain 1.0).
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