Figure 5

Recombinant HMGB1 triggers autophagy and M2 macrophage polarization via TLR2. (a) BMDMs were treated with various concentrations of recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB-1) for 24 h and their cell lysates were collected to analyze the expression of NF-κB p65 and LC3-I/II by Western blotting. (b) WT or TLR2^−/− BMDMs were treated with r-HMGB1 (10 μg/ml) for 24 h and the ROS production was analyzed by flow cytometry. (c) WT or TLR2^−/− BMDMs were treated with r-HMGB1 (10 μg/ml) for 24 h and their surface CD204 and CD206 were analyzed by flow cytometry. (d) WT or TLR2^−/− BMDMs were treated with rHMGB1 (10 μg/ml) for 24 h and their cell lysates were collected to determine the expression of SOCS3 and Arg-1 by Western blotting. **p < 0.001; ***p < 0.0001.