Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Metformin reduces saturated fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory response by restoration of autophagic flux in endothelial cells

Figure 1

Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, affect autophagy. Human endothelial cells were serum starved for 2 h, and then (A) treated with PA (200 μM) for the indicated durations; (B) treated with BSA, or PA (indicated concentrations) for 4 h; (C) treated with lauric acid or oleic acid at the indicated concentrations for 4 h. The cell lysates were subjected to a western blot with the indicated antibodies. LC3-I and LC3-II were normalized to β-actin and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I was obtained. The quantification of 3 independent experiments is shown in bar graphs (mean ± SEM). ***p < 0.001, and **p < 0.01, indicates that the samples are statistically different compared to control (BSA) samples. The original images are presented in Supplemental Figure S1A–C. The dotted lines in the Supplemental figures indicate the cropped area.

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