Table 2 Analysed amino acid (AA) composition (n = 1, %), pH (n = 1), volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations (n = 1, mmol/kg) and microbial counts (n = 2, log10 CFU/g) of the cereal fraction (CER) and the cereal fraction supplemented with xylanase and β-glucanase (CER + ENZ) collected from the fermentation tanks during the initial fermentation (0–52 h) and during the feeding trial (d10, d51).

From: Effect of cereal fermentation and carbohydrase supplementation on growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microbiota in liquid-fed grow-finishing pigs

 

CER

CER + ENZ

0 h

12 h

24 h

52 h

d10

d51

0 h

12 h

24 h

52 h

d10

d51

SDa

AA composition

Lysine

0.49

0.41

0.39

0.37

0.37

0.39

0.40

0.39

0.36

0.38

0.48

0.35

–

Threonine

0.34

0.37

0.36

0.38

0.36

0.37

0.38

0.39

0.36

0.38

0.43

0.35

–

Methionine

0.15

0.19

0.18

0.19

0.19

0.19

0.18

0.19

0.18

0.18

0.22

0.17

–

Valine

0.46

0.55

0.53

0.55

0.53

0.52

0.51

0.51

0.50

0.51

0.60

0.49

–

Leucine

0.65

0.78

0.75

0.75

0.73

0.76

0.76

0.76

0.75

0.76

0.86

0.70

–

Isoleucine

0.38

0.41

0.39

0.41

0.40

0.40

0.39

0.38

0.39

0.39

0.47

0.36

–

pH

6.34

6.09

4.47

3.70

3.87

3.78

6.31

6.30

5.43

3.76

3.92

3.73

–

VFA concentrations

Acetate

29.55

16.81

20.23

27.30

28.09

50.93

20.96

16.62

23.88

23.37

85.14

84.66

–

Propionate

0.64

0.45

0.30

0.35

0.30

0.81

0.54

0.34

0.36

0.20

0.42

1.53

–

Isobutyrate

1.43

1.36

1.17

1.01

0.75

1.16

1.41

1.61

1.56

1.05

1.02

1.34

–

Butyrate

0.51

0.40

0.23

0.25

0.15

0.30

0.47

0.31

0.25

0.16

0.31

0.28

–

Isovalerate

0.13

0.12

0.07

0.08

0.03

0.08

0.14

0.13

0.14

0.07

0.14

0.08

–

Valerate

0.30

0.19

0.08

0.10

0.05

0.14

0.25

0.17

0.15

0.06

0.14

0.17

–

Total VFA

32.55

19.03

22.08

29.09

29.37

53.40

23.77

19.18

26.35

24.90

87.18

88.05

–

Acetate:Propionate

45.88

37.50

67.32

78.41

94.19

63.28

38.59

48.44

66.63

115.63

202.20

55.50

–

Protein-derived VFAb

1.85

1.66

1.32

1.19

0.82

1.37

1.80

1.91

1.86

1.17

1.30

1.58

–

Microbial countc

Lactic acid bacteria

5.1

8.5

9.1

9.2

9.1

9.2

5.7

6.2

8.7

8.8

9.0

9.0

0.18

Enterobacteriaceae

5.2

7.0

4.9

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

5.3

6.0

7.7

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

0.13

Yeasts

4.9

5.0

5.2

6.8

6.1

6.3

3.8

4.2

5.0

4.8

6.8

6.7

0.20

Moulds

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

 < DL

–

  1. aSD standard deviation.
  2. bProtein-derived VFA calculated as the sum of isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate.
  3. cDL = Detection limit (2 log10 CFU/g for Enterobacteriaceae and 3 log10 CFU/g for yeasts and moulds).
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