Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Discovery and predictive modeling of urine microbiome, metabolite and cytokine biomarkers in hospitalized patients with community acquired pneumonia

Figure 3

Principal component analysis of urine metabolites. Metabolites were extracted from 50 µl urine and subjected to UPLC–HRMS metabolomics analysis three times per sample. Metabolites were manually identified and integrated using known masses (± 5 ppm mass tolerance) and retention times (Δ ≤ 1.5 min). Peak intensity was normalized to creatinine followed by unsupervised multivariant principal component analysis (PCA) resulting in F1 and F2 with a cumulative percent variability of 78.56% Each circle represents the average of a patient and the centroids of the corresponding risk groups are represented by squares.

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