Table 2 Publication bias.

From: Sleep disturbances as risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviours: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

 

Fail-safe N

Egger’s test of the intercept, z-value (p)

Duval and Tweedie’s trim and fill

Classic

Orwin’s

Missing cases

Adjusted OR

All outcomes

32,255

149

 − 1.31 (0.19)

24

1.79

Suicidal ideation

13,011

81

 − 2.00 (0.05)

17

1.92

Suicide plan

96

6

 − 0.05 (0.96)

0

1.63

Suicide attempt

2021

36

0.83 (0.41)

1

1.54

Suicide death

378

32

0.02 (0.99)

6

1.18

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