Figure 5

Effect of GL on docetaxel-resistant DU145 spheres and on patient-derived spheres. (a) qPCR analysis of stemness related genes in DU145-DR adherent cells and spheres. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of three independent experiments (n = 3), each performed in triplicate. ***p < 0.001; n.s. not significant. (b) qPCR analysis of stemness related genes in DU145-DR spheres and DU145-DS spheres. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of three independent experiments (n = 3), each performed in sextuplicate. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n.s. not significant. (c) Viability assay on spheres derived from DU145-DR cells grown in the presence of vehicle or 2.5–10 μM GL for 48 h. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of six (n = 6) independent experiments, each performed in quintuplicate. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. ***p < 0.001. (d) qPCR analysis of stemness related gene expressions in spheres and adherent cells derived from primary tumor #143. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of six independent experiments (n = 6), each performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; n.s. not significant. (e) Viability assay on spheres derived from primary tumor #143 grown in the presence of vehicle or 2.5–10 μM GL. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of seven (n = 7) independent experiments, each performed in quintuplicate. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. ***p < 0.001. (f) qPCR analysis of stemness related gene expressions in spheres and adherent cells derived from primary tumor #318. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of six independent experiments (n = 6), each performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; n.s. not significant. (g) Viability assay on spheres derived from primary tumor #318 grown in the presence of vehicle or 2.5–10 μM GL. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of ten (n = 10) independent experiments, each performed in quintuplicate. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. ***p < 0.001. (h) qPCR analysis of stemness related gene expressions in spheres and adherent cells derived from primary tumor #285. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of six independent experiments (n = 6), each performed in triplicate. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; n.s. not significant. (i) Viability assay on spheres derived from primary tumor #285 grown in the presence of vehicle or 2–8 μM GL. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of six (n = 6) independent experiments, each performed in quintuplicate. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. ***p < 0.001.