Table 10 Caffeic acid derivatives of E. purpurea rhizomata cum radicibus under various treatments.

From: Improving growth properties and phytochemical compounds of Echinacea purpurea (L.) medicinal plant using novel nitrogen slow release fertilizer under greenhouse conditions

Caffeic acid derivatives

Slow release fertilizer

Urea

50 mM

100 mM

150 mM

50 mM

100 mM

150 mM

Caftaric acid (mg g−1 DW)

2.31d ± 0.11

7.13b ± 0.15

12.26a ± 0.02

0.78e ± 0.02

1.06de ± 0.03

3.83c ± 0.06

Chlorogenic acid (mg g−1 DW)

0.23cd ± 0.07

0.95b ± 0.02

1.36a ± 0.02

0.16e ± 0.01

0.43d ± 0.01

0.73c ± 0.01

Echinacoside acid (mg g−1 DW)

0.89bc ± 0.01

1.32b ± 0.06

2.66a ± 0.01

0.29d ± 0.01

0.75cd ± 0.01

0.96bc ± 0.01

Chicoric acid (mg g−1 DW)

1.23e ± 0.06

4.56c ± 0.08

7.65a ± 0.65

0.74f ± 0.01

2.03d ± 0.04

5.44b ± 0.09

Cynarin (mg g−1 DW)

0.68c ± 0.01

2.88b ± 0.03

5.26a ± 0.04

0.43c ± 0.01

0.98c ± 0.02

3.28b ± 0.05

  1. Data were expressed as the mean of three replicates ± standard deviation (n = 3).
  2. Values within a row followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.01 probability level.
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