Table 1 Characteristics of control subjects (CSs) and first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients at baseline (before treatment with antipsychotics (FEPb), after 0.6-year treatment (FEP0.6-year), and after 5.1-year treatment (FEP5.1-year) with antipsychotics.

From: Metabolomics approach revealed robust changes in amino acid and biogenic amine signatures in patients with schizophrenia in the early course of the disease

Characteristics

Participants

Comparison between groups

CSs

FEPb

FEP(0.6-year)

FEP(5.1-year)

FEPb and CSs

FEPb, FEP(0.6-year), and FEP(5.1-year)

Participants

37

52

44

37

 

Age (years),(mean ± SD)

24.9 ± 5.3

27.0 ± 6.1

27.7 ± 6.5

32.0 ± 5.9

t(87) = 1.74

ns

–

Women (%)

21 (57%)

21 (40%)

18 (41%)

14 (38%)

Χ2(1) = 2.33

ns

–

Current cigarette smoker (n,%)

5 (14%)

17 (33%)

14 (32%)

18 (49%)

χ2(1) = 4.27

p = 0.04

χ2(2) = 1.33

ns

Weight (kg), (mean ± SD)

71.6 ± 15.0

70.2 ± 13.5

77.6 ± 16.2

85.8 ± 17.4c

t(87) = -0.44

ns

F(2) = 11.48

p < 3e−05

BMI (kg/m2), (mean ± SD)

23.0 ± 3.1

22.8 ± 3.0

25.4 ± 4.0a

27.8 ± 4.5b,c

t(87) = -0.23

ns

F(2) = 19.56

p < 1e-06

Waist circumference (cm), (mean ± SD)

80 ± 12

81 ± 10

87 ± 11

95 ± 11b,c

t(89) = 0.53

ns

F(2) = 17.46

p < 1e-06

BPRS score (mean ± SD)

–

49.9 ± 15.5

23.3 ± 12.7a

14.1 ± 10.6b,c

–

F(2) = 87.31

p < 1e−06

AP dose (mean ± SD)

–

–

358 ± 162

418 ± 236

–

t(36) = −1.28

ns

  1. BMI body mass index, BPRS Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, AP dose chlorpromazine equivalent dose of antipsychotics.
  2. ns not significant (p ≥ 0.05).
  3. aStatistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between patients before (FEPb) and after 0.6-year treatment (FEP(0.6-year)).
  4. bStatistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between 0.6-year (FEP(0.6-year)) and 5.1-year treatment (FEP(5.1-year)).
  5. cStatistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between patients before (FEPb) and after 5.1-year treatment (FEP(5.1-year)).
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