Figure 2
From: Reconciling yield gains in agronomic trials with returns under African smallholder conditions

Source: authors calculation, using Stata version 16 (www.stata.com).
Distribution of yield increments before and after adjustments. The panels represent the cumulative distribution functions of yield increments for maize (left side) and soybean (right side). Distributions in the top row use actual yield increments, using the agronomic calculation (corrected for plant density). Distributions in the bottom row use yield increment (without the correction for plant density) after adjusting the prediction for soil characteristics, management practices and other characteristics in their own parcels, and using weights to reflect representative estimates. The first vertical line from the left indicates where the yield increment is equal to zero, the second one indicates the yield increment for which the Value-Cost ratio is equal to 1 (and thus the profit is equal to zero), and the third vertical line indicates the yield increment for which Value-Cost ratio is equal to 2 (the profit is equal to 100% of the cost).